野三坡农家院

旅游中的保健与旅游常见病的防治与急救

Health Care in Tourism and Prevention and Emergency Treatment of Common Diseases in Tourism

旅游有助于身心健康，为了达到促进健康的目的，在旅游中需注意的一个问题就是防病。为此旅游前要做好各种准备，旅游中要积极进行自我保健，防止意外伤害和事故的发生，并学会防治一些小病和常见病，遇到事故要能做到处乱不惊，遇事不慌。

Tourism is conducive to physical and mental health. In order to achieve the purpose of promoting health, one of the problems that should be paid attention to in tourism is disease prevention. For this reason, we should make all kinds of preparations before traveling, actively carry out self-health care in tourism, prevent accidental injuries and accidents, and learn to prevent and cure some minor and common diseases. We should be able to do everything without panic and panic in case of accidents.

1.旅游前做好健康检查。

1. Make a good health check before traveling.

请务必注意有下述情况的患者应暂停外出旅游：患急性病未愈者；患有较严重的心血管、肝、肺、肾等重要脏器疾病者；处于各种传染病和炎症发作期的患者；患有慢性疾病正处于急性发作期或活动期者；各种原因所致的严重贫血患者；新近发生脑血管意外病情尚未稳定者，以及大中型手术后，处于恢复期的病人等。

It is important to note that patients with acute diseases should be suspended from traveling: those who have not recovered from acute diseases; those who suffer from serious cardiovascular, liver, lung, kidney and other important organ diseases; those who suffer from various infectious diseases and inflammation attacks; those who suffer from chronic diseases in acute or active stages; those who suffer from severe anemia caused by various reasons; and those who have recently suffered from cerebrovascular accidents are still in progress. Unstable patients, patients in recovery stage after large and medium-sized surgery, etc.

2.旅游前必备药品的准备。

2. Preparing necessary medicines before traveling.

（1）抗生素类药物，如乙酰螺旋酶素等，另备黄连素片，专用于肠道感染。

(1) Antibiotics, such as acetylspiramylase, and Berberine Tablets for intestinal infections.

（2）抗病毒药物,板蓝根等感冒咳嗽类药物。

(2) Antiviral drugs and cold and cough drugs such as Radix Isatidis.

（3）解热、镇痛类药物，如阿司匹林、去痛片等。

(3) Antipyretic and analgesic drugs, such as aspirin and painkiller tablets.

（4）消化系统常用药，如胃舒平、痢特灵等。

(4) Digestive system commonly used drugs, such as Weishuping, dysentery and so on.

（5）呼吸系统常用药，如速效伤风胶囊、银翘解毒丸、草珊瑚含片、西瓜霜含片等。

(5) Respiratory system commonly used drugs, such as Quick-acting Shangfeng Capsules, Yinqiao Jiedu Pills, Caoshan Buccal Tablets, Watermelon Frost Buccal Tablets, etc.

（6）镇静安眠类药，如安定等。

(6) sedative and sleeping drugs, such as diazepam.

（7）心脏血管类药，如硝酸甘油、心痛定等。

(7) Cardiovascular drugs, such as nitroglycerin and Xintongding.

（8）防晕动病药物，如乘晕宁、晕海宁等。

(8) Anti-motion sickness drugs, such as Shengyunning, Yunhaining, etc.

（9）抗过敏药物，如扑尔敏、息斯敏等。

(9) Antiallergic drugs, such as chlorpheniramine and stigmine.

（10）防暑药，如藿香正气丸、清凉油等。

(10) Heat-proof drugs, such as Huoxiang Zhengqi pills, refreshing oil, etc.

（11）外伤药，如正红花油、云南白药、碘酒、绷带等。

(11) Traumatic drugs, such as safflower oil, Yunnan Baiyao, iodine liquor, bandages, etc.

3.旅游常见病的防治。

3. Prevention and treatment of common diseases in tourism.

（1）晕车晕船防有其法。首先要保持心情愉快，出行前，不要饮酒，勿过饱或过饥。一般出行前半小时先服一片防晕药。如果晕车，可用冷毛巾敷面部和胸部；把视线固定在一个远处不动的目标上凝视；如果恶心想吐，尽量吐得干净为好；如是在车上，打开窗户，吹吹新鲜的风；如果眩晕，应开口呼吸，嚼一块糖，能取得较好的效果。

(1) There are laws to prevent carsickness and seasickness. First of all, keep a happy mood. Don't drink, be full or hungry before you go out. Usually take a pill of anti-halo medicine half an hour before going out. If you are sick, apply cold towels on your face and chest; fix your gaze on a distant motionless target; if you feel nauseous, wanji.89ix.com bailashu.89ix.com fengjig.89ix.com penshaguan.89ix.comgaoyaguanw.89ix.com anjianji.89ix.comtry to vomit as clean as possible; if you are in the car, open the window and blow fresh wind; if you are dizzy, you should open your mouth to breathe and chew a piece of sugar, which can achieve better results.

（2）旅途中腹泻怎么办。首先要注意饮食卫生，养成良好卫生习惯，严防病从口入。在旅途中，还可以适量服用黄连素等药物预防腹泻的发生。

(2) How to deal with diarrhea during the journey. First of all, we should pay attention to dietary hygiene, develop good hygiene habits, and strictly prevent diseases from importing. During the journey, you can also take berberine and other drugs to prevent diarrhea.

4.旅游中意外伤害及应急处理。

4. Accidental injuries and emergency treatment in tourism.

（1）对溺水者的抢救。在旅游过程中发现有人溺水，不要慌乱。会游泳的脱去鞋袜及厚重的衣服下水救人；不会游泳的人，除了呼喊他人外，应赶快将木板，竹竿等物体抛向溺水者，溺水者被救上岸后，应立即施行人工呼吸。

(1) Rescue of drowning victims. Don't panic when you find someone drowning in the process of traveling. Those who can swim should take off their shoes, socks and heavy clothes and put them into the water to save people. Those who can not swim should throw boards, bamboo poles and other objects to the drowning people as soon as possible, besides calling others. After the drowning people are rescued and landed, they should immediately carry out artificial respiration.

（2）旅途中骨折的急救。若伤员休克，应立即让其平卧，骨折处要保暖防凉，并给伤员服用止痛药及镇静药。开放性骨折首先止血。脊椎骨折时，要防止因搬动不慎损伤脊椎引起瘫痪。四肢骨折后，为避免损伤局部的肌肉、血管、神经等，要防止骨折端错动，也不要勉强去复位。找固定材料如木板、竹板等为伤肢进行固定。

(2) Emergency treatment of fracture during the journey. If the injured person is in shock, he should immediately lie on his back, keep the fracture warm and cool, and take painkillers and sedatives for the injured person. Open fracture is the first to stop bleeding. When vertebral fracture occurs, it is necessary to prevent paralysis caused by inadvertent movement of the vertebra. After limb fracture, in order to avoid injuring local muscles, blood vessels, nerves and so on, it is necessary to prevent dislocation of the fracture end and not to reluctantly reduce it. Find fixing materials such as wood and bamboo boards to fix the injured limbs.

（3）旅途中踝关节扭伤的治疗。发生踝关节扭伤，要高抬患肢先用冰袋或冷毛巾敷，以减轻疼痛和皮下出血，然后用活血散瘀的药膏外贴患处。在旅途中即无药物又无胶布，还可以用一只手握住扭伤的脚踝，另一只手抓住脚趾，由外向里摇晃，再让脚趾尽量向下弯曲，然后使脚尖尽量向上弯曲，反复多次，会有所好转。如果是严重扭伤，如韧带完全撕裂，踝关节不稳定者，严禁乱按乱揉，要立即送医院。

(3) Treatment of ankle sprain during the journey. In the case of ankle sprain, the affected limbs should be raised by applying ice bags or cold towels to relieve pain and subcutaneous hemorrhage, and then applying the ointment of activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis to the affected area. During the journey, there is no medicine and no tape, you can also use one hand to hold the sprained ankle, the other hand to hold the toe, shake it from outside to inside, and then bend the toe as far as possible downward, then bend the toe as far as possible upward, repeated, it will be better. If it is a serious sprain, such as complete tear of ligament, ankle instability, strictly prohibit massage disorderly, to be sent to the hospital immediately.

（4）路途中小腿抽筋的防治。小腿抽筋的预防比较简单，在活动前、活动后、睡前，按摩腿肚肌肉即可。常常抽筋的人在游泳前将生姜捣烂的生姜汁涂在腿上，充分按摩，便能收到很好的预防效果。治疗的方法较多，如扳脚法：取坐姿，一手用力压迫痉挛的腿肚，一手抓住足趾向后扳脚，使足部背曲，再上下活动一下脚，抽筋就能得到缓解。若是在游泳时发生抽筋，可将大腿尽量向前登，用手使劲往身体方向扳脚拇指，反复多次，直至症状消失。

(4) Prevention and treatment of leg cramps on the way. The prevention of leg cramps is relatively simple. Massage the leg and stomach muscles before, after and before sleep. Often cramps in the swimming before the ginger mashed ginger juice on the leg, full massage, you can receive a good preventive effect. There are many treatments, such as foot wrenching: sitting posture, pressing the spastic stomach with one hand, pulling the foot backward with the other hand, bending the back of the foot, then moving the foot up and down, the cramp can be alleviated. If cramps occur during swimming, you can climb your thighs forward as far as possible, wrench your thumbs in the direction of your body with your hands, and repeat them many times until the symptoms disappear.

（5）旅途中大小外伤的止血方法。旅途中不幸因外伤而出血，应尽快止血。止血的方法有很多，小伤口出血，且伤口内又无异物的可采用局部按压法，就是用手帕、纱布等直接盖在伤口上用手压住，把伤肢放在高过心脏的位置，便能很快止血。或者用手掌稍用力拍打两脚的跟腱，各拍数次，亦能止住小伤口流血。如果用药物止血，云南白药是首选良药。如果是四肢较大面积的伤口出现，可采用止血带或手帕、围巾等，用力绑在伤口靠近心脏的一侧，每隔一小时松开几分钟，再绑扎，在止血的过程中，要保持伤肢高于心脏的水平线。

(5) Hemostasis methods for large and small trauma during the journey. Traumatic bleeding during the journey should be stopped as soon as possible. There are many ways to stop bleeding. Small wound bleeding, and there is no foreign body in the wound can be used by local pressing, that is, directly cover the wound with handkerchiefs, gauze and other hand pressure, put the injured limb higher than the heart position, it can quickly stop bleeding. Or slap the Achilles tendon of both feet with the palm of your hand, several times each, to stop bleeding from small wounds. Yunnan Baiyao is the preferred medicine for hemostasis. If there is a large area of wound in the limbs, tourniquet or handkerchief or scarf can be used to tie the wound to the side near the heart, release it every hour for a few minutes, then tie it again. In the process of hemostasis, the injured limb should be kept above the level of the heart.